Saudi Teachers' Attitudes towards using Online Learning for Young Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of Covid-19 and consequent school closures created a considerable challenge for educational systems around the world. Many countries have shifted to online learning and other digital alternatives to ensure continuity in education. Within this global and historical context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the present study aimed to explore teachers' attitudes towards the use of online learning for young children in Saudi Arabia. A total of 346 early childhood teachers were surveyed during school closures and the concomitant shift to online learning and teaching. The teachers who participated were recruited from public and private kindergartens and early childhood centers. The respondents completed a survey consisting of two scales developed for the purposes of this study. The first scale explored teachers' general attitudes towards using online learning strategies with young children (10 items). The second scale explored teachers' attitudes towards using online learning with young children based on their professional experience during the Covid-19 pandemic (10 items). The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents held positive attitudes about the use of online learning as an alternative to regular schooling. However, some beliefs varied among respondents, for example, whether online learning is developmentally and educationally appropriate for young children, and whether it creates or lacks a learning atmosphere. In addition, chi-square test results for both scales indicated statistically significant associations between teacher attitudes towards using online learning and years of teaching experience. However, no statistically significant associations were found for both scales between teacher attitudes and geographic area (urban/rural) or school type (public/private). Implications for teaching during and beyond the pandemic are discussed. © 2022 Society for Research and Knowledge Management. All rights reserved.

Infection-Control knowledge, attitude, practice and risk perception of occupational exposure to COVID-19 among dentists: A cross-sectional survey.

Background: COVID-19 is a potentially fatal disease that was announced as a global pandemic at the beginning of the year 2020. Aim: The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the infection-control knowledge, attitude, practice, and risk perception of occupational exposure to COVID-19 among multinational dentists. Patients and Methods: A self-designed, 33-item, English questionnaire was created and distributed through social media and digital communication platforms. The questionnaire covered the demographic data, knowledge and perception of the occupational risk of the COVID-19 infections, and compared some infection control measures taken before and after this global pandemic. The results were analyzed, and four scores were used to assess the aforementioned parameters. Results: A total of 300 multinational dentists answered our survey, with the majority being females (59%) and aging from 25 to 44 years old (68%). We found that a statistically significant relationship exists between attitude and nationality, country of practice, medical condition, and the practicing specialty (P < 0.05). In addition, risk perception had a statistically significant correlation with nationality, smoking habits, education level, and specialty (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation between the practice score and the gender, age, smoking habits, education level, nature of the practice (private or governmental), and academia affiliation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study sample had good compliance with the instructions and guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), with most of them improving their infection control precautions after the virus's emergence according to the said guidelines. Furthermore, our participants were fearful of the COVID-19 virus and the fact of being potential transmitters. Despite saying that, the significant majority of them reported being confident in treating COVID-19-positive patients.

Behaviors and Attitude towards COVID19 Disease among the Saudi Population Based on Sociodemographic characters

Aim: To investigate the attitude and associated sociodemographic characteristics of KSA residents toward COVID-19 during the peak of the pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-section study was conducted during the lockdown period among 465 Saudi Arabia residentsenrolled by using a snowball sampling technique. Data was collected through an online questionnaire contained Likert scale questions regarding assessing attitudes of the population towards COVID preventative measures. The statistical analysiswas doneusingSPSS version 22, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA),and regression tests were used to evaluate the relationship between the variables. Results: The mean score for perception towards COVID 19 was25.93± 2.217.Most of the items got more than 90% highest agreement was for dealing with diseases should be based on medical advice (97.63%) followed adhering to preventive procedure decrease disease infectionof the population(59.96%). The lowest score was for havingdirect contact witha COVID patient even when committing to preventive measures.There is nostatistical association betweenage and genderwith behavior.ANOVA test showed gender issignificantly associated with agreeing that following preventive measuresreduces the possibility of disease infection while the profession is significantly associated with being in contact with aCOVID patient while committing to preventive measures. Conclusion: This study showed a positive attitude towards COVID-19 among the Saudi population, which could play an important role in following the preventive measures and thus reduce the spread of the disease.

Diagnostic and therapeutic option of Covid-19;A systematic review

Background: The global pandemic of coronavirus has resulted in it causing several respiratory diseases. The mild common cold like illness is one of the major symptoms that represents the clinical presentation of the respiratory infection. Some patients can be asymptomatic while some might have characteristic symptoms in the form of coughs, dyspnoea, and fever. Mostly it affects people aged between 30 to 79 years. Major risk factors are people residing or travelling in the areas where risk of transmission is quite high, old age, and presence of comorbidities. The origin of the virus was linked to the Southern China's Huanan wet market in Huanan. The pathophysiology has not yet been understood properly but the exudative diffuse alveolar is considered as the major reason behind the deaths due to respiratory failure. In order to control the spread there are four different ways currently: quarantine the contact for at least 14 days, screening of travellers, drive-through screening centres, and temperature screening. Isolation, infection management, and symptom management can be the most useful therapeutic approaches. Methodology: During this research, the systematic review has been done by referring to several studies that showed the data related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach against Covid-19. During the research it has been-ensured that only the data from thighly qualified authors was used to determine the effective diagnostic and therapeutic options of Covid-19. The inclusion criteria were articles available in English language, the most recent and highly rated studies, and articles having statistics. The exclusion criteria were data which is available without clear statistics, articles other than those in the English language, data of high risk and low quality, and the data not able to provide the basic diagnostic and therapeutic options of Covid-19. It has been ensured that the quality of data should be maintained in order to establish quality research. Discussion: Covid-19 diagnostic options are oral and nasal PCR, rapid diagnostic test, serologic test, plain X-rays, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT scanning, ultrasonography, and nuclear scanning. The therapeutic options are pharmacological drugs (like chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, sirolimus, tocilizumab), airway assistance ventilation, and vaccination. Conclusion: Covid-19 is on the verge of constant increase and is impacting many people around the globe. Currently, there is no proper treatment for covid-19 as a result of which everyday preventive actions and vaccination are the best things that an individual can do in order to prevent the spread of covid-19.